CANADIAN COMMEMORATIVE STAINED-GLASS WINDOWS
"For our ancestors God was light!
Light is a substance, glass is a substance.
However, light goes through glass without breaking it.
It was known at a time that God would send messages to men.
Still, to be able to interpret them, they had to be given a shape.
This is how God has been revealed in men's heart."
Abbé Suger (v. 1081 / Saint-Denis, 1151)
Memorial of the Origins of New-France
In St. Peter's church of Brouage -- Memorial to the Origins of New France -- nine Canadian stained-glass windows symbolize the deep friendship that unites France and Canada through their shared understanding of Canada's French origins. When founding Ouebec in 1608, the first permanent French settlement in the St. Lawrence River valley, Samuel de Champlain, a native of Brouage, commemorated the French presence in North America by adopting the name "New France”. The stained-glass windows illustrate the civil and religious history of New France, which, through an important evangelization movement characteristic of the 17th century, saw the founding of foreign settlements by so many intrepid French explorers and settlers. They underline the important role of Champlain, who remains in our collective memory as the "son” of Brouage and the "father” of New France. Encouraged by the Committee of the Memorial to New France, the initiative for decorating the window wells of the church of St. Peter belongs to Father Maxime Le Grelle, who arrived in Brouage in 1970. Greatly impressed by the history of Brouage and the epic story of New France, Reverend Le Grelle contributed to making them known to the public through exhibitions, conferences and two books entitled "Brouage: Faith of the Pioneers” (1976), and "Champlain. Here we are' (1984). Wishing to better understand the history of Brouage and New France, Father Le Grelle made a trip to Quebec in 1980. During the trip he shared his idea of commemorative stained-glass windows with Mr. and Mrs. David Stewart, Montreal patrons, who were very active in the cultural, artistic and scientific life of Quebec, Canada, and the internationaI community. David Stewart, a great collector and philanthropist of Scottish origin, was passionate about the bi-cultural history of his country and was delighted with the idea. He was also the founding president of the Lake St. Louis Historical Society in 1954 and the Stewart Museum, dedicated to Canadian history, established the following year in the fort on St. Helen's Island near Montreal. In 1981, consent from the French civil and religious authorities was granted to the design proposed by Father Le Grelle. The Lake St. Louis Historical Society, along with its Canadian partners, then took the necessary steps to initiate this important program of stained-glass window memorial.
The style of the Brouage stained-glass windows
Nicolas Sollogoub, the creator of the windows, wished to share his thoughts with church visitors as to what inspired him during this artistic undertaking. We are pleased to present the text that he wrote on this subject. "Before starting my first stained-glass window in the church of Brouage in 1980, L’Épopée de l'Isle Ste-Croix (The Epic story of St. Croix Island)," the first French settlement in North America (1604) (before the arrival of the Dutch and the British), I outlined my intention to Mr. and Mrs. Stewart of visiting the churches of Saintonge, (an area I had discovered in previous years) to better understand the spirit of the region's stained-glass tradition. Equipped with the map of the route suggested by Mr. Philippe Borgeot, the Architect of "Bâtiments de France", and with the blessing of Reverend Father Le Grelle, I started my pilgrimage. lt was both a challenging and enriching experience. ln contrast with the number of 19th century stained-glass windows requiring the use of lead, those of the 15th and 16th centuries were beautiful examples of an extraordinary resistance to not only weather conditions but also to acts of vandalism. As for the church of Brouage, there was no trace left of the original stained-glass windows since the window wells had been shuttered during the 1789 Revolution when the church was used as a prison. In New France, the first chapels were constructed using basic techniques. The walls were built with joists of squared logs. The roof was covered with birch bark, a method used by the Natives that often let the rain pass through. Four cedar posts dug into the ground supported a few planks chopped by axe to form an altar which in turn supported the simple communion vessels which were lit by square openings in the walls. Here, I assure you, stained-glass windows were not considered except perhaps for the illusion of red and golden tones created by maple trees surrounding the chapel in the autumn sun. Sobriety was essential for Canadian stained-glass windows. The first two windows, "The Epic Story of St. Croix Island" and "The Founding of Quebec", have simple coloring: blue for the sky, red and gold for the forest. The more strongly pronounced tones in the subsequent stained-glass windows express the population growth along the St. Lawrence River valley, the development of relations between France and New France, and the improving relations with the Native population. ln consideration of Brouage's privileged history, where the stained-glass windows were destined, I decided to turn to the very roots of New France by incorporating the maps, drawings and engravings made by Champlain himself. I wanted to remain faithful not only to Champlain's North American heritage but also share that heritage with the town of Brouage. The six stained-glass windows that I had the honor and the profound joy of realizing make no pretensions to be the work of a master of lines and colors. They are as simple and true as the history they relate. They were all made in my studio in Vendée, located in the heart of the Laurentian Mountains of Quebec. “I thank you most sincerely for your appreciation of these works." N.S."Avant d'entreprendre, en 1980, l'exécution du premier vitrail de l'église de Brouage : "L’Épopée de l'Isle Ste-Croix", premier Établissement français en Amérique du Nord, en 1604 (avant l’arrivée des Hollandais et des Anglais), j'ai fait part à Monsieur et à Madame Stewart de mon intention de visiter les églises de la Saintonge (que j'avais découvertes plusieurs années auparavant) pour bien comprendre l'esprit du patrimoine verrier de la région. Muni de l'itinéraire que l'aimable M. Philippe Borgeot, architecte des bâtiments de France, m'avait aidé à établir et avec la bénédiction du Révérend Père le Grelle, je pris la route en pèlerin. Expérience enrichissante et éprouvante à la fois, car si quelques vitraux datant du XIX° siècle méritent une remise en plomb, d'autres, très beaux témoignages des XV° et XVI° siècles résistent courageusement, non seulement au temps mais à l'action des vandales. Quant à l'église de Brouage, les vitraux d'origine n’ont pas laissé de traces, les baies ayant été obstruées par des parpaings lorsque l'église servit de prison pendant la Révolution de 1789. Par ailleurs, en Nouvelle-France, les premières chapelles étaient construites de façon très rudimentaire, les murs constitués d'un assemblage de rondins de bois à peine équarris, le toit couvert d'écorce de bouleau, à la façon amérindienne, laissait souvent passer ta pluie. Quatre pieux de cèdre fichés dans le sol supportaient quelques planches égossées à la hache, servant d'autel sur lequel de pauvres objets de culte recevaient leur lumière par des ouvertures carrées pratiquées dans les murs. Ici, croyez-moi, il n'était pas question de vitraux, sauf, peut-être l'illusion que donnaient les tons rouge et or des érables avoisinant la chapelle, dans le flamboiement automnal. La sobriété s'imposait donc pour les vitraux canadiens. C'est ainsi que les deux premiers vitraux : L’Épopée de l'Isle Ste-Croix et la Fondation de Québec ont une coloration très simple : bleu pour le ciel. rouge et or pour la forêt. Les tons de plus en plus prononcés dans les vitraux suivants expriment l'avancée du peuplement dans la vallée du Saint-Laurent, le développement des relations entre la France et la Nouvelle-France et la concorde qui s'établit progressivement avec les peuples amérindiens. D’autre part, étant donné le lieu privilégié, Brouage, auquel étaient destinés les vitraux, je décidai de revenir aux sources vives de la Nouvelle-France en transcrivant sur le vitrail, les dessins cartes et gravures exécutés par Champlain lui-même. C'était, à la fois demeurer fidèle à l'héritage laissé par Champlain en Amérique du Nord et le partager avec la ville de Brouage. Les six vitraux que j'ai eu l'honneur et la joie profonde de réaliser n'ont pas la prétention d'être l'expression d'un virtuose des lignes et des couleurs. Ils se veulent simples et vrais comme l'histoire qu'ils racontent. Tous ont été exécutés dans mon atelier de Vendée, au cœur des Laurentides, dans la province de Québec. Je vous remercie de votre attention. N.S.
How to look at the stained-glass windows

Description of each stained-glass window
Produced from 1982 to 2007, most of them through the auspices of the Lake Saint-Louis Historical Society (Montreal) in collaboration with its Canadian partners, the stained-glass windows are presented here according to a suggested visit (see plan below). Click on each number for a detailed description.
Quebec through the course of History
Gift of the Province of Québec, represented by Mrs. Diane Lemieux, Minister of State, Culture and Communications.
2001
Nicolas Sollogoub - Designer, Montreal
Origins of the City of Montreal, 1642
Gift of the City of Montreal, represented by Mr. Gérald Tremblay, Mayor of Montreal
2007
Nicolas Sollogoub - Designer, Montreal
Epic story of St. Croix Island, 1604
Gift of the Province of New-Brunswick, represented by Mr. Richard Hatfield, Premier of New Brunswick
1982
Nicolas Sollogoub - Designer, Montreal
Tribute to the Town of Brouage
Designated as a French National Historic Site
Gift of the French Republic, jointly with the region of Poitou-Charentes, the district, the town of Brouage, its Memorial Comitee and the parish.
1987
Sketch and model: Nicolas Sollogoub
Produced by Jacques Viviani. "The Art of Glass" Studio, Bordeaux, France
Founding of the City of Quebec by Samuel de Champlain, 1608
Gift of the City of Quebec, represented by Mr. Jean Pelletier, Mayor of Quebec
1983
Nicolas Sollogoub - Designer, Montreal
The blessed François de Montmorency-Laval (1623-1708)
First bishop of Canada and founder of the first Seminary of the City of Québec
Gift of a private individual: Mrs. Simone Guichard
1995
Nicolas Sollogoub - Designer, Montreal
Recollections
Ontario at the time of New France
Gift of the Province of Ontario, represented by Mr. Robert Rae, Premier of Ontario
1991
Stephen Taylor, Master glassblower, Toronto
Venerable Jeanne Mance (1673)
Founder of the Hôtel-Dieu Hospital in Montreal
Gift from the Macdonald Stewart Foundation
2015
Designed by Nicolas Sollogoub, created by Jean-François Bordenave, master glassmaker, M.O.F.
St. Marguerite Bourgeoys ( 1700)
Founder of the congregation of Sisters of Notre-Dame
Gift of the New France Memorial Comitee
2017
Jean-François Bordenave, master glassmaker, M.O.F., Bordeaux







